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US NFP expected to show slower growth in December after November surge

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US NFP expected to show slower growth in December after November surge

  • US Nonfarm Payrolls are expected to rise by 160K in December after jumping by 227K in November.
  • The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics will release the labor data on Friday at 13:30 GMT.
  • US jobs data is set to rock the US Dollar after hawkish Fed Minutes published on Wednesday.

The highly anticipated United States (US) Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) data for December will be published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on Friday at 13:30 GMT.

The December jobs report is critical to the US Dollar’s (USD) next directional move as it will help the markets gauge future interest rate cuts by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) amid the incoming administration of President-elect Donald Trump.

What to expect from the next Nonfarm Payrolls report?

Economists expect the Nonfarm Payrolls report to show that the US economy added 160,000 jobs in December after witnessing a stellar 227K job gain in November as distortions caused by two hurricanes and the Boeing strike faded.

The Unemployment Rate (UE) is expected to remain at 4.2% in the same period.

Meanwhile, Average Hourly Earnings (AHE), a closely-watched measure of wage inflation, are expected to rise by 4% year-over-year (YoY) in December, at the same pace as seen in November.

Investors will assess the December jobs data for fresh signs on the health of the US labor market, as they remain wary about the inflation and monetary policy outlook under Trump’s presidency. Incoming Trump’s immigration and trade policies are expected to stoke up inflation, calling for higher interest rates. 

The Minutes of the Fed’s December meeting released on Wednesday showed policymakers’ concerns about inflation and the potential impact of Trump’s policies, suggesting that they will move more slowly and cautiously on interest rate cuts because of the uncertainty.

Previewing the December employment situation report, TD Securities analysts said: “We expect payroll growth to cool down closer to trend in December following the October-November gyrations that were triggered by one-off shocks.”

“The UE rate likely stabilized at 4.2% despite our expectation for a meaningful rebound in the household survey’s employment series. Separately, we look for wage growth to mean-revert to 0.1% m/m following a string of hot monthly prints,” they added.

How will US December Nonfarm Payrolls affect EUR/USD?

Speculations around Trump’s potential tariff plans continued to offset any impact from the recent US economic data releases. However, that failed to alter the market’s pricing of a no-rate change decision at the Fed meeting later this month, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch tool.

Earlier in the week, the BLS reported that the JOLTS Job Openings climbed to 8.09 million, outpacing forecasts for a 7.7 million growth and higher than October’s 7.83 million print.

The Automatic Data Processing (ADP) announced on Wednesday that employment in the US private sector grew by 122,000 jobs last month, lower than the estimated 140,000 and November’s 146,000 job gain.

The disappointing ADP jobs report ramped up expectations of a weak payrolls data on Friday. However, the US ADP data is generally not correlated with the official NFP data.

If the headline NFP figure shows a payroll growth below 100,000, the US Dollar could witness a massive selling wave in a knee-jerk reaction to the data, as it would create a dilemma for the Fed and could revive dovish Fed expectations. In such a scenario, EUR/USD could stage a solid comeback toward the 1.0450 level.

On the other hand, an upside surprise to the NFP and wage inflation data could double down on the Fed’s hawkish shift, sending the USD back to multi-year highs while knocking off the EUR/USD pair to the lowest level in over two years to below 1.0250.  

Dhwani Mehta, Asian Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for EUR/USD: 

“EUR/USD remains below all major daily Simple Moving Averages (SMA) in the lead-up to the NFP showdown. Meanwhile, the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) points south below the 50 level. These technical indicators suggest that the pair remains exposed to downside risks in the near term.”

“Buyers needs a decisive break above the 21-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 1.0391 to initiate a meaningful recovery toward the January 7 high of 1.0437. The next relevant topside target aligns at the 50-day SMA at 1.0510. Fresh buying opportunities will rise above that level, calling for a test of the December 6 high of 1.0630. Conversely, if EUR/USD yields a sustained break of the two-year low at 1.0224, additional declines will aim for the 1.0150 psychological barrier.”

Euro PRICE This week

The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies this week. Euro was the weakest against the Canadian Dollar.

  USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD   0.08% 0.97% 0.71% -0.30% 0.31% 0.36% 0.24%
EUR -0.08%   0.88% 0.59% -0.32% 0.27% 0.32% 0.21%
GBP -0.97% -0.88%   -0.27% -1.19% -0.60% -0.56% -0.67%
JPY -0.71% -0.59% 0.27%   -1.00% -0.37% -0.31% -0.22%
CAD 0.30% 0.32% 1.19% 1.00%   0.54% 0.62% 0.53%
AUD -0.31% -0.27% 0.60% 0.37% -0.54%   0.04% -0.06%
NZD -0.36% -0.32% 0.56% 0.31% -0.62% -0.04%   -0.11%
CHF -0.24% -0.21% 0.67% 0.22% -0.53% 0.06% 0.11%  

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).

US Dollar FAQs

The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.

The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.

In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.

Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.

 

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